Etiology of Hives

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The medical name for hives is urticaria, and they are a commonly occurring skin condition that involves sudden, itchy, red and swollen areas of skin, know as welts, on the skin. They can also vary in size and shape and often arise and subside multiple times in a short period. Hives are usually not life threatening, but can be painful and distressing. Once you know what is triggering it or treated the underlying causes of the hives, your hives will go away. Life history and co-morbidities have a debilitating impact affecting transition to adulthood, and the hive is one of them. Here are the reasons why you encounter the hives.

1.Allergic Reactions

First and foremost, allergic reactions are among themost widespread causes of hives. When the body reacts to an allergen, the immune system is hyperactive and release histamine and other chemicals in the blood. This results in blood vessel dilation and the swelling and itchiness characteristic of hives. Several common allergens which may lead to the hives include nuts, eggs and dairy products. And if you are stung and bitten by some insects, you may also have the chance to get hives. Even exposure to latex or certain chemicals has made me break out into hives in some cases.

2.Physical Stimuli

These typesof hives occur for example might occur after physical stimulation of the skin. There are many sub-typeswithin each category which may have a different trigger. Dermatographism, or “skin writing,” is an example of this phenomenon in which, when the skin is lightly scratched or rubbed, raised welts appear.The cold hives can be obtained by the exposure to the low temperature, while the solar hives results from the exposure to the sunlight. Heat hives which is caused by heat, cholinergic hives which is caused by the increase in body temperature such as exercise or taking showers, are other common physical hives. What is more, hives can be caused by these physical triggers that make the mast cells in the skin histamine-producing cells.

3.Infections

One more common reason that causes the hives is the infection by virus or bacteria. Other viral infections — like the regular flu and hepatitis — can stir the immune response so much that hives result. The hives also can happen during a viral illness, particularly from the common cold, and can occur when you are infected by bacteria, especially because of the streptococcus or staphylococcus. And hives can be caused by all sorts of conditions, including infections from parasites.Infections are thought to elicit hives through the same process, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood.

4.Systemic Diseases

Hives may also be thesymptom of an underlying systemic disease. Chronic urticaria is often associated with autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid disease. Increased inflammation and rushing histamine are generated under these circumstances, causing the immune system to inaccurately attack the body’s own tissue. Certain cancers can also be behind hives, as part of the immune response the body launches to fight the malignancy, particularly lymphomas and leukemias. In some cases, hives can be a sign of an underlying endocrine disorder, such as diabetes or adrenal insufficiency.

All in all, hives can have many different causes, with both allergic and nonallergenic sources behind the mechanisms that lead to this condition. The cause of what that will be individualized for what kind, however, will always have a foundation to the treatment and management of the eczema that person has. In several instances, recognizing and avoiding the trigger can greatly lessen the frequency and intensity of outbreaks. But chronic urticaria may require a more complex treatment plan that could involve antihistaminesor other medications to help manage symptoms. With further research, revealing the mechanisms behind hives, new and more targeted treatments are likely to come, and that driveshope who have to deal with thisproblem.

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